Inter- and Intraspecific Systematics of Genus Avena L.

Inter- and Intraspecific Systematics of Genus Avena L.

Speciation in the genus Avena L. (Loskutov, 2007; Loskutov & Rines, 2011)
Key for the identification of Avena species (Loskutov, 2007; Loskutov & Rines, 2011).
Botanical varieties of Avena strigosa Schreb. and Avena abyssinica Hochst. (Rodionova et al., 1994)
Botanical varieties of Avena byzantina C.Koch. (Rodionova et al., 1994)
Botanical varieties of Avena sativa L. (Rodionova et al., 1994)

Speciation in the genus Avena L. (Loskutov, 2007; Loskutov & Rines, 2011)


Section	Species			2n	Genome
	Wild		cultivated
	floret disarticulation	spikelet disarticulation	cultivated
Aristulatae (Malz.)	A.clauda Dur.	A.pilosa M.B.		14	Cp
Losk.	A.prostrata Ladiz.				Ap
	A.damascena Raj.et Baum				Ad
	A. longiglumis Durie.				Al
	A. wiestii Steud.	A. atlantica Baum			As
	A. hirtula Lagas.		A. strigosa Schreb.		As
	A. barbata Pott.			28	AB
	A. vaviloviana Mordv.		A. abyssinica Hochst.		AB
Avenae Losk.		A. ventricosa Bal.		14	Cv
		A. bruhnsiana Grun.			Cv
		A. canariensis Baum			Ac
		A. agadiriana Baum et Fed.		28	AB?
		A. magna Mur. et Terr.			AC
		A. murphyi Ladiz.			AC
		A. insularis Ladiz.			AC?
	A. fatua L.	A. sterilis L.	A. byzantina C. Koch	42	ACD
	A. occidentalis Durie.	A. ludoviciana Durie.	A. sativa L.		ACD

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Key for identification of Avena species (Loskutov, 2007; Loskutov & Rines, 2011)

1	Perennial plants	A.macrostachya Balan.
1	Annual plants	2
2	Lemma tips biaristulate	3
2	Lemma tips bidentate or bisubulate	14
3	Glumes very unequal, lower glume one-half of upper one	4
3	Glumes equal or nearly so	5
4	Disarticulate each floret at maturity	A.clauda Durie.
4	Disarticulation occurs at the lower floret only	A.pilosa M.B.
5	Disarticulate each floret at maturity or panicle non-shattering	6
5	Florets disarticulating at maturity, plant with juvenile growth prostrate	7
6	Glumes 40 mm long, callus very long, awl shaped, 10 mm	A.longiglumis Durie.
6	Glumes 10-20 mm long, callus round or absent	8
7	Low floret disartuculates only, callus elliptic, awn inserted at 1/3 of lemma	A. atlantica Baum
7	Disarticulate each floret at maturity	9
8	Disarticulate each floret at maturity	10
8	Panical non-shattering	13
9	Spikelets very small 12-15 mm	A. prostrata Ladiz.
9	Spikelets 20 mm long	A. damascena Raj. et Baum
10	Lemma tips biaristulate, glumes with 9-10 veins	A. barbata Pott
10	Lemma tips biaristulate with 1-2 denticula or without, glumes with 7-9 veins	11
11	Lemma tips biaristulate with 1 denticulum, lemma tips longer than glumes; first floret scar narrow elliptic	A. hirtula Lagas.
11	Lemma tips biaristulate with 2 denticula, lemma and glumes equal or nearly so; first floret scar oval	12
12	Lemma tips biaristulate 3-6 mm long	A. wiestii Steud.
12	Lemma tips biaristulate 1 mm long	A. vaviloviana Mordv.
13	Lemma tips biaristulate with 1 denticulum, lemma and glumes nearly equal, panicle equilateral or unilateral	A.strigosa Schreb.
13	Lemma tips biaristulate with 2 denticula, lemma tips shorter than glumes, panicle unilateral	A.abyssinica Hochst.
14	Florets disarticulating at maturity	15
14	Panical non-shattering	25
15	Disarticulate each floret at maturity	16
15	Disarticulation occurs at the lower floret only	17
16	Spikelets with 2-3 florets, glumes 20-25 mm long	A. fatua L.
16	Spikelets with 3-4 florets, glumes 15-20 mm long	A. occidentalis Durie.
17	Callus very long, awl shaped	18
17	Callus elliptic, oval or round shaped	19
18	Callus 5 mm long, glumes 27-30 mm long	A. ventricosa Balan
18	Callus 10 mm long, glumes about 40 mm long	A. bruhnsiana Grun.
19	Spikelets small size, glumes 15-20 mm long	20
19	Spikelets large size, glumes 25-30 mm long	21
20	Spikelets small size with 2-3 florets, glumes 18-20 mm long	A. canariensis Baum et Fedak
20	Spikelets small size with 2 florets, glumes 15-18 mm long	A. agadiriana Baum et Fedak
21	Spikelets large size with 2 rarely 3 florets, glumes 25-30mm long	A. ludoviciana Durie.
21	Spikelets large size with 3-5 florets	22
22	Callus round shaped	23
22	Callus elliptic or oval shaped	24
23	Spikelets with 3-4 florets, lemma highly pubescent	A.magna Murphy et Terr.
23	Spikelets V-shaped with 3-5 florets, lemma slightly-moderate pubescent	A. sterilis L.
24	Awn inserted at about one-quarter of lemma, callus oval	A.murphyi Ladiz.
24	Awn inserted at lower one-third to one-half of lemma, callus elliptic	A. insularis Ladiz.
25	Fracture surface at the base of the primary floret is straighting	A. sativa L.
25	Fracture surface at the base of the primary floret is slanting	A. byzantina C. Koch.

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Botanical varieties of Avena strigosa Schreb. and Avena abyssinica Hochst. (Rodionova et al., 1994)

Shape of panicle	Hairiness of lemma	Lemma colour	A.strigosa varieties	A.abyssinica varieties
equilateral	glabrous	white	albida Marq.	chiovendae Mordv.
		yellow		schimperi Korn.
		grey	strigosa Rod et Sold.	Hildebrantii Korn.
		brown	gilva Mordv.	braunii Korn.
		black	melanocarpa Mordv.
	hairness of awn insertion	white		abyssinica Rod. et Sold.
		yellow	flava (Marq.) Mordv.
		grey	intermedia Marq.
		black	nigra Marq.
	pubescent	white	alba Marq.	solidiforma Thell.
	pubescent	grey-brown	fusca Marq.
flagged (brevis)	glabrous	white	candida Mordv.
		grey	tephera Mordv.
		brown	hepatica Mordv.
		black	nigricans Mordv.
	hairness of awn insertion		semiglabra Malz.
	pubescent		trichophora Malz.
unilateral	glabrous		secunda Mordv.
grains naked	glabrous		nudibrevis Vav.

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Botanical varieties of Avena byzantina C.Koch. (Rodionova et al., 1994)

Lemma colour	Hairiness of lemma	Awnedness	Varieties
white	glabrous	no awns	albomutica Mordv.
white	pubescent	one awn	alba Mordv.
cream	pubescent	two awns	cremea Mordv.
red-brown	glabrous	no awns	anolpa Mordv.
		one awn	rubra Mordv.
		two awns	byzantina Rod. et Sold.
	pubescent	one awn	monathera Mordv.
	pubescent	two awns	solida Hausskn.
grey or black	glabrous	one awn	incana Mordv.
	glabrous	two awns	nigra Mordv.
	pubescent	one awn	maroccana Mordv.
brown	glabrous	one awn	ursina Mordv.
brown	pubescent	two awns	cinnamonea Mordv.
grains naked	glabrous		denudata Hausskn.

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Botanical varieties of Avena sativa L. (Rodionova et al., 1994)

Spikelets characters	Lemma clour	Awnedness	Shape of panicle
Spikelets characters	Lemma clour	Awnedness	Equilateral	Unilateral
all florets thresh	white	no awns	mutica Alef.	obtusata Alef.
	white	awns	aristata Krause.	tartarica Ard.
	yellow	no awns	aurea Korn.	flava Korn.
	yellow	awns	krausei Korn.	ligulata Vav.
	grey	no awns	grisea Korn.	borealis Petrop.
	grey	awns	cinerea Korn.	armata Petrop.
	brown	no awns	sativa Rod. et Sold.	tristis Alef.
	brown	awns	montana Alef.	pugnax Alef.
the lowest floret threshes only	white	no awns	volgensis Vav.
	white	awns	kasanensis Vav.
	yellow	no awns	segetalis Vav.
	yellow	awns	bashkirorum Vav.
	brown	awns	armeniaca Mordv.
glumes up to 30 mm long	white	awns	iranica Vav.
	yellow	awns	persica Vav.
	brown	awns	asiatica Vav.
lemma pubescent	grey	awns		homomala Mordv.
	brown	no awns	setosa Korn.
	brown	awns	hausknechtii Vav.
grains naked	white	no awns	inermis Korn.
	white	awns	chinensis Fisch.
	white with dark spot	no awns	maculata Mordv.
	white with dark spot	awns	mongolica Pissar.

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